Here are some more information for Plenum Cable:

Just like copper cables, NEC (National Electrical Code) requires indoor fiber optic cables be marked with their fire and smoking ratings. NEC requires all indoor fiber cables be marked correctly and installed properly for its intended use.

According to NEC, a building's inside area is divided into three types of sections: plenums, risers and general purpose areas.

:: What is a Plenum area?

A Plenum area is a building space used for air flow or air distribution system. In most buildings, the area above a drop ceiling or under a raised floor is used as the air return (source of air) for the air conditioning. Those drop ceiling and raised floors are also where fiber cables are often installed. If those cables were burning, they would give off toxic fumes and the fumes would be fed to the rest of the building by the air conditioner. As a result, people could be injured even though they are a long way from the fire.

:: What is a Riser area?

A Riser area is a floor opening, shaft or duct that runs vertically through one or more floors

:: What is General Purpose area?

All other area that is not plenum or riser and on the same floor is a general purpose area.

:: Fiber Optic Cable Fire and Smoking Rating Markings

OFNP Cables:

OFNP stands for Optical Fiber Nonconductive Plenum. OFNP cables have fire-resistance and low smoke production characteristics. They can be installed in ducts, plenums and other spaces used for building airflow. This is the highest fire rating fiber cable and no other cable types can be used as substitutes.

OFCP Cables:

OFCP stands for Optical Fiber Conductive Plenum. OFCP cables have the same fire and smoking rating as OFNP cables but they have a conducting armor or central strength member which is usually steel. OFCP cables must be properly grounded at both ends. As a result, OFCP cables can not be installed in the same cable tray or conduit as power cables.

OFNR Cables:

OFNR stands for Optical Fiber Nonconductive Riser. OFNR cables are used in Riser areas which are building vertical shafts or runs from one floor to another floor. OFNR cables can not be installed in plenum areas since they do not have the required fire and smoking rating as Plenum rated cables. OFNP plenum cables can be used as substitutes for OFNR cables.

OFCR Cables:

OFCR stands for Optical Fiber Conductive Riser. OFCR cables have the same fire rating characteristics as OFNR cables but they have conducting armor or central strength member which is usually steel. OFCR cables should also be properly grounded at both ends. OFCP cables can be used as substitutes for OFCR cables. OFCR cables can not be installed in the same cable trays or conduits as power cables.

OFNG Cables:

OFNG stands for Optical Fiber Nonconductive General-Purpose. They are typically used in horizontal cabling, single floor applications. OFNG cables can not be used in plenums or risers. OFNP and OFNR cables both can be used as substitutes for OFNG cables.

OFCG Cables:

OFCG stands for Optical Fiber Conductive General-Purpose. They have the same fire characteristics as OFNG cables but they have conducting armor or central strength members which is typically steel. OFCG cables should be properly grounded at both ends. They should not be installed in the same cable tray or conduits as power cables.

Colin Yao is an expert on fiber optic technologies and products. To learn even more about duplex fiber optic cable, simplex fiber optic cable, duplex fiber patch cable, visit Fiber Optics For Sale Co. web site.

Different Types of Cable Ties

The invention of cable ties by Robert Thomas and Hobert Betts in 1898 has been of great use till this date and with the span of time we do witness splendid enhancements in the structure and durability of cable ties. This innovation was more of a work of art than a creation by engineers which they both were. The main purpose of a tie is to hold together an assortment or bundle of wires. However, in today's world the use has been made more diverse with cable ties being used by police and military to tie the hands of criminals, and it really is tough to break free without getting wounds on the wrist.

These cable ties are available in various colours and as there are colours codes specified for them. However, the colour, black is the most acceptably and frequently used for outdoor purposes. Whereas, the blue ones are made of 'Halar' and used for places which are rich in radiation and red ties are linked with plenum.

Other than colour, cable ties are also available in various other materials and categories. Some of these include 'miniature cable ties', 'heavy duty cable ties', 'extra heavy duty cable ties', 'standard cable ties', 'intermediate cable ties' etcetera.

Miniature cable ties are used for the application of objects weighing below 18 lbs and those which are sensitive while handling. On the other hand, heavy duty cable ties can wrap objects that weigh up to 120 lbs; their measurement varies from 8 inches to 28 inches. It depends on the number of objects to be tied together and the accumulated weight as to which length of heavy duty cable ties is to be used.

Similarly, extra heavy duty ties are very useful for tying up weights going as high as 175 lbs and they can be as long as a total length of 60 inches. Moreover, there is even a type of cable tie known as extra heavy duty lashing tie which is made specifically for the purpose of holding things together having a weight of 250 lbs.

Releasable cable ties are reusable and can further be found in two sub categories; namely, 'trigger release' and 'pawl release'. They are used for modifications later on in items that are already tied so that more could be added or pulled out. On the other hand, one can even find restricted bundle cable ties available in the market and even for sale on the internet. This type of ties forms a specific type of loop that is fixed and if fiddled with during shipment or transit can become very evident. The first way to observe any defect during journey would be very prominent through these restricted bundle cable ties once damaged. These ties are very effective in preventing pilferage to packages and boxes.

Likewise, standard cable ties are also available in many colours among which black, red and natural are very common. They can hold weights up to 50 lbs and are also widely used for domestic purposes. Similarly, intermediate ties are used by people who want to tie batches of 40 lbs products.

All of these cable ties except releasable and restricted bundles have the same procedure of wrapping, extending to a required tension and cutting. Moreover, a lot of colour variations are available including fluorescents. However, for applications that are extra sensitive to environment, there are special Tefzel Fluoropolymer and Halar ties.

Other varieties include 'three hook cable ties', 'light' and 'strong strength cable ties' which are similar to standard and heavy duty cable ties. However, 'three hook cable ties' is a patented design and very few companies offer it.

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i think i did something to the throttle but im not sure what and now the car is running bad?

the car is an 87 lincoln town car and i am having severe misfire i think i ether somehow broke or pop something out involving the throttle when i had the plenum off the other day im just not sure what. the gas peddle is now lower to the floor and the car revving higher i think the fuel air ratio has gotten thrown off due to the throttle problem causing the misfire i never took the throttle cables off just the valve housing it attached too and probably pulled something lose when i did. can anybody tell me what i did or is there a way to adjust it please help.

Yup people think they save money by trying to fix their cars themselves and end up making the problem worse sometimes to the point not only do that have to pay more to get it fixed, they also have to pay for a tow!

Anyways your car has electronic fuel injection and messing with the throttle isn't going to help anything, so next time don't. Meanwhile, take the plenum back off and see if something is interfering with the throttle cable, etc.

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